The flesh is green and the skin is purple, covered with waxy bloom so it appears blue. It is an excellent all-around plum. It may seem surprising at first that plums and almonds are related, but almonds are in essence a type of plum where the nut (inside the stone) rather than the flesh is eaten. Europeans tend to stay on the tree longer, and they last longer after they are picked. You will find out about the best plums for eating fresh and about the ones that are tastiest in cooked and baked food. Widely adapted, reliably prolific, more compact, and less demanding than most fruit trees, plums are a natural choice for the home grower. These sweet plums are sometimes called Mirabelle prunes or cherry plums. Plum Tree – President Variety. One may think of them having a sour-like taste since most green-hued fruits are sour. Early Golden - The early golden is one of the first plums of the season, ripening in the second part of July. It is freestone and it ripens with the Stanley at the first of September, but is larger and better quality. Myrobalan plums are small round fruits that look like red or yellow cherries. They bloom earlier than European plums, so they are more vulnerable to late frost damage. A characteristic of Mirabelles is that they are usually partially self-fertile. European plum trees are adapted to conditions throughout most of the United States. Saint Juliens produce small rounded fruits, usually a pale green colour. Plum Facts. The European plum is generally easier to grow than the Japanese because Japanese plum trees need more pruning and more fruit thinning. Of all the species of Plum Trees, two species are grown the most for commercial fruit production worldwide, the hexaploid European plum tree (Prunus domestica) and the diploid Japanese plum tree (Prunus salicina and hybrids). American hybrid trees are a good choice for regional extremes. italica var. Tulare Giant - The Tulare Giant is a new Japanese plum variety. Insects. These large plums have bluish-dark purple skins surrounding sweet flesh that is a light yellow color. This plum variety is a great all-rounder as it’s one of the most versatile types of black plum you can grow. The fruit has a longer shelf-life than European plums, and is better-suited to being transported around the world. Perhaps surprisingly given their origins in the Middle East, Damsons are very well adapted to maritime climates and in the UK the centre of commercial damson production is the Lyth valley in Cumbria, north-west England, notable for its wet climate. Plums belonging to each of these groups have a different skin/flesh color, flavor, and seasonality. Types of European plums are usually very sweet with juicier flesh and are used in baking or for making jams and jellies. According to a study published in the Journal of HortScience in 2004, the yellow-fleshed red plums are more nutrient-ridden than the red-fleshed ones. Mirabelles are grown particularly in north-east France. Early Italian – The Early Italian is an old, well-known variety of blue plum that is also called “Early Fellenberg”. Autumn Sweet – The Autumn Sweet is a new European blue-skinned, yellow-fleshed plum. It’s a very good choice for the first week of September. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2019-2020, Sheridan Lawn and Landscaping, LLC. The peak harvest is in the second part of August-beginning of September. Most species of plum trees are self-pollinating and don’t require much maintenance to produce fruit. The red flesh is tart and sweet, and the skin tastes like berries. Gage trees and flowering times are similar to the mainstream European plums. There are two basic types of plum trees, the European plum and the Japanese plum, from which all other varieties are derived. This late-season plum is sweet, juicy, and has a small pit. However Cherry Plums are reliably self-fertile whereas Mirabelles are usually only partially self-fertile. There are many varieties of plums ranging in taste from sweet to tart. Moyer plums are large plums with a long oval shape and high sugar content. Plum Variety Descriptions. Plums are delicious fruits that grow on trees and are classified in the genus Prunus. This is an epicuticular wax coating and is known as "wax bloom". Hardy European plums are the most widely planted plum across the United States. However, the truth is greengage plums are naturally green in color even when they become mature. There are approximately 20 varieties of plums, most of which originated in China and then were introduced to Japan and then eventually to the United States. © 2012 - Forever, Michigan Plum Growers Advisory Group. Several plum-related inter-species hybrids have been developed using Japanese plums, e.g. These utterly syrupy plums are famous for their use in a variety of jams, baked goodies, jellies, and fruit brandy (eau de vie). These plums ripen later in the season than ‘Owen T’ plums. Although now usually included within Prunus domestica, it is convenient to consider the Gages as a sub-group of European plums because of their interesting and sophisticated flavours. Plucots are an early plum-apricot hybrid while pluot consists of plum traits more than an apricot’s. This fruit is harvested with a green shadow, but ripens to a vibrant purple with a deep red flesh at market. Gages are named after Sir William Gage, an Englishman who popularised one of these varieties in England in the 18th century. Its skin is an attractive dark purple, speckled and the flesh is greenish- yellow. Whilst European plums do not store particularly well, the fruit usually ripens over a 1-2 week period, during which time the tree can be picked daily to ensure a steady supply of fruit. There's also the hardy beach plum, or shore plum, which is found along the eastern shore from Maine to Delaware. Prunus salicina actually originates from China, but was introduced to the rest of the world via Japan and then California - the term ""Japanese plum"" is therefore something of a misnomer. As its name suggests, the elephant heart plum is a large, heart-shaped stone fruit. ‘Owen T’ plums are usually ready for eating in mid-season. Santa Rosa – The Santa Rosa is a beautiful, large, red fruits with gold flesh. Japanese plum, popular as pipa or Chinese plums in East Asia and Southeast Asia, and as Japanese medlar, loquat, nispero, bibassier and wollmispel elsewhere. Establishing and Training Plum Trees. Eat this one fresh because its incredible sweetness is rivaled by few other varieties. ‘Black Beauty’ is another type of Japanese plum that has bright yellow flesh and dark, deep purple-red skin. Some examples; Written and researched by: Andy Brown. On the other hand, other types of Japanese plums are “clingstone” in which the flesh is fast attached to the pit. Similar to shiro plum, it is small to medium in size, firmer than the shiro, mild tasting, sweet and does not stick to the pit. However, they need to be protected against bacteria and that can be done with the use of Bacterial Canker. They generally spoil faster than European plums after harvest. Compared to other dark-skinned plums, the ‘Black amber’ has firm flesh and distinct tartness to the taste. Methley – One of the first out of the orchard in mid-July, this is well known variety that has been present on the market stands for a long time. The Empress is a very nice late-season choice. Biting into these delicious stone fruits reveals a dark burgundy flesh that covers the large pit in the middle. Generally, yellow plums are used for making dessert pies, jams, fruit preserves, juices, and plum brandy. The round plums have a bluish appearance due to the waxy coating that covers most types of prunes. They used to be used for drying, but nowadays Saint Juliens are most commonly used as a rootstock for many other Prunus varieties. This stone fruit is exceedingly juicy when firm and soft. Many of the fresh plums sold in stores and supermarkets are types of Japanese black plums. Terms of Service apply. It is a large reddish-grey skin plum with an amber flesh. The juicy flesh has a firm texture that is common with many European plums. They are common in northern European hedgerows, and are believed to be part of the ancestry of the European plum. It is a medium to large-sized fruit with good firmness and sweetness with a medium acid content for a nice balanced flavor. All Rights Reserved. However, Owen T is regarded as the largest plum as it measures up to 3 inches in width and weighs almost half a pound.

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