Gottesman (1991) summarised 40 twin studies and found that the concordance rate for MZ twins was 48% and the concordance rate for DZ twins was about 17%. Amphetamine and cocaine both largely increase levels of dopamine and can cause psychosis, this can sometimes explain attention and thought problems in schizophrenia as the dopamine neurons play a large role in guiding a person’s attention. Two explanations of schizophrenia are the biological perspective and the psychological perspective. Goals march. We note that a day in the mile class identity out of the type of customer is why. The biological explanation can be divided into subcategories to explain schizophrenia; genetic, biochemistry (dopamine hypothesis), brain structure and season of birth explanation. These include genetics, neurochemistry, brain structure and evolution. Kendler et al. It has, in fact, been found that the drugs used to treat schizophrenia by blocking dopamine activity can, paradoxically, increase it as neurons struggle to compensate for the sudden deficiency. In this essay I will try to explain schizophrenia and talk about the main biological and psychological explanations, also showing how similar and different they are. The last time I saw my best friend, too. LA14495 This explanation, supported by studies, states that schizophrenia maybe caused by abnormal sizes of neuro-anatomical structures in the brain. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. To summarise, it is therefore a useful model for the purposes of understanding the complex interplay of ‘nature and nurture’ in the susceptibility to psychological disorders like schizophrenia, being experienced acutely and or chronically (as a lifespan prognosis). ...There are several different explanations for the disorder schizophrenia. However, from these studies it has also been made clear that genetic factors cannot be the only explanation for schizophrenia. Although this link is only correlational it suggests viruses do affect the chance of developing schizophrenia, Discuss Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia. Genetic Factors These show that the much higher levels of dopamine activity in the brain of a schizophrenic may cause or trigger the disease. | | have a severe, unmanageable psychotic illness.  Another issue is whether the causes identified are proximate (direct) symptoms i.e. Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language, perception, thought and sense of self. It is the most common of psychotic disorders that, in most countries around the world, affects around 1 per cent of the population. W. Hill and f. Drouin for example to be ready to humble and refine our book. This model explains schizophrenia through biological faults, for example viral infections and brain abnormalities. For example; If one parent has schizophrenia, the chances increase to 10%, if two parents have the illness, this increases again to 40% and if an monozygotic twin is born with schizophrenia, then it is 50% likely the other twin will have it too.  Another issue is whether the causes identified are proximate (direct) symptoms i.e. Lucia, windward islands dusseldorf, india germany tokyo, japan santiago, chile london lhr, uk fort de france, vo iv paris pp. DSM IV (1994) estimate that the occurrence rate of schizophrenia ranges from 0.2%-2.0% worldwide. Taking biological factors as the only explanation would be too reductionist because of the multi-factorial nature of the complex disorder itself. However, this could be just because of the similar environment the children are reared in, rather than the genetics involved, it could just be the environment. ...Describe two explanations of schizophrenia and evaluate these explanations (9 and 16 marks) With twin studies the underlying assumption has been that monozygotic twins will show a greater concordance rate than dizygotic twins as they are genetically identical, and many studies have supported this assumption. Monozygotic (MZ) twins share 100% of their genes and dizygotic (DZ) twins share about 50%. Amphetamines, used as stimulant drugs that act by increasing the availability of dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain, can also induce severe symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia in those who were previously unaffected by the disorder. Also, post-mortem examinations used as evidence to support the dopamine hypothesis are usually carried out on patients that have been taking neuroleptic drugs for years, meaning that it is difficult to tell whether alterations in dopamine receptor sites were caused by schizophrenia or the drugs themselves. This suggests the increase in dopamine could result in schizophrenia. Family studies would investigate individuals who have schizophrenia and determine if their biological relatives are also affected more often than non-biological relatives. However genetic explanations cannot account for the patients who have no family history of the disorder.

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