In 2001, archaeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehrgarh, Pakistan, discovered that the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, from the early Harappan periods, had knowledge of proto- dentistry. The first settlements discovered were along the banks of river Indus, so the archaeologist called them " Indus Valley Civilization [6] It has long been claimed that the Indus Valley was the home of a literate civilization, but this has been challenged on linguistic and archaeological grounds. The most striking difference between Indus Valley and other civilizations is no evidence of an army and a lack of substantial amount of weapons to wage war. [3] The Harappan Civilization was discovered in the year-1921; Lothal is a site where dockyard of Indus Valley civilization was found. The Indus civilization was predated by the first farming cultures in south Asia, which emerged in the hills of what is now called Balochistan, Pakistan, to the west of the Indus Valley. [13] [5] [4] [9] [16] [21] [18] Similar to the other cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, the streets were laid out in a grid-like pattern, running either north to south or east to west. (2012), the slow southward migration of the monsoons across Asia initially allowed the Indus Valley villages to develop by taming the floods of the Indus and its tributaries. [13] Harappans believed that there is life after death and so their graves often contained household pottery, ornaments and mirrors belonging to dead person. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were the two great cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, emerging around 2600 BCE along the Indus River Valley in the Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Harappan script is regarded as pictographic since its signs represent birds, fish and a variety of human forms. Furrowed Field (a field which has plough marks). [2] The invasion of Darius I of the Indus valley in the early 6th century BCE marks the beginning of outside influence that continued in the kingdoms of the Indo-Greeks. [15] [7] [6] Harappan eals and the objects used by the merchants for stamping the goods have been found at Mesopotamia. The origin of the 'Swastika' symbol can be traced to the Indus Civilization. Indus valley civilization is considered as one of the developing civilizations in the past. Some of the important crafts which flourished during the Indus Valley civilization period were that of pottery, carpentry, masonry, blacksmith, ivory work, stone cutting etc. Archaeological evidence has proved that Indus Valley civilization and Mesopotamians were having long time trade relations. Friends, you can Download these notes down through the Download button. Cats were also domesticated, Asses and camels were used as beasts of burden, Harappan people were also familiar with Elephants and Rhinoceros, Trade and commerce was flourishing in Harappan age. While the Indus Valley Civilisation is generally characterised as a literate society on the evidence of these inscriptions, this description has been challenged by Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel (2004) who argue that the Indus system did not encode language, but was instead similar to a variety of non-linguistic sign systems used extensively in the Near East and other societies, to symbolise families, clans, gods, and religious concepts. The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term, ‘Indus Civilization’. A dockyard has been discovered at Lothal. The metals used to make these things are not found in the Indus Valley. [15] [3] Some people buried dead bodies in large cemetery and some people practiced urn burial. Canal irrigation was NOT practiced in this civilization. burnt brick was lavishly used. [13] A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in the Indus Valley civilization. [15] This site has citadel with no fortification. [3] [10] In 2001, archaeologists discovered that Indus Valley people had knowledge of proto-dentistry. At which place in Indus Valley Civilization the evidence of chess and a measuring scale have been found? While it is not entirely clear what lead to the ultimate decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, it has been proposed that the influence and invasion of the Aryans, who began to attack Indus Valley villages, played a role ( UCLA: Social Sciences ). Indus Valley Civilization - Ancient History Encyclopedia Indus Valley Civilization Cristian Violatti The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Common features of the major Cities of Indus valley civilization, Important sites and the artefacts found there. Cities of the ancient Indus Valley had multistory brick buildings, employed an advanced sanitation system, and used a unified system of weight and measurement. Indus valley civilization is a rich civilization and one of the most important civilizations that existed in the world. The irrigation depended on the irregular flooding of the rivers of punjab and Sind. It appears that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization did not have horses but did possess and use bronze/stone tools ( UCLA: Social Sciences ). Despite repeated attempts, the writing system of the Indus Valley Civilization has not been deciphered yet. [5] Also, give the functions of Plasma membrane. Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and other Indus Valley cities had a level of architectural planning that was unparalleled in the ancient world. The Indus Valley civilization is often separated into three phases: Early Harappan Phase (3300 BCE-2600 BCE), Mature Harappan Phase (2600 BCE-1900 BCE), and Late Harappan Phase (1900 BCE-1300 BCE). Lost to human memory was the fourth civilization of equal importance and much more sophisticated Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along the flood plains of rivers Indus and Gaggar-Hakra. Port cities- Lothal, Sutkagendor, Allahdino, Balakot, Kuntasi. Trees were treated as sacred. [9] ). At its peak Indus valley may have had the population of 5 million people, that doesn't sound much in 21st century but it was a great achievement 5000 years ago. Weights followed binary system in lower denominations. In terms of fashion and appearance, we can gather some information about the habits of Indus Valley people by examining artwork from the civilization.

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