It is an inevitable result wherever intolerance and fanaticism thrive. And there will be hundreds if not thousands more, until the world recognises that the Christian faith and the message of salvation means no harm to anyone. Excellent, thought provoking post, Mike. True freedom includes the welcoming of satire and humour. Of course, not everyone in the world, or even in my own country, shares that view and some might see it as unduly idealistic. A martyr is a person who willingly dies rather than renounce their faith or principle. Cranmer, in particular, was one of the architects of the Reformation – practically his first act on becoming Archbishop of Canterbury was to annul Henry VIII’s 24-year marriage to Catherine of Aragon and validate the new one to Anne Boleyn. Unlike the Manchester Catholics who were hanged by Protestants, these were Protestant clergy burnt at the stake by Catholics (1553). The men were imprisoned at the former Bocardo Prison near the extant St Michael at the Northgate church (at the north gate of the city walls) in Cornmarket Street. I’m fascinated by this period in history and of course the names Cranmer and Latimer were very familiar to me (Ridley not so much) so I will definitely look for this in Oxford. xo, Thanks Lisa. I’ve started noticing all sorts of things since I began this little project! The death sentence was passed for criminal activities, treason and sedition. Though the first head of the new Church of England, and no longer subject to the Pope’s wishes, Henry essentially remained a Catholic in his beliefs. Part of the price of that tolerance must surely be that no religion, or faith, is above or beyond criticism – including being subject to satire and humour. This is a fascinating post and timely, as I’m trying to figure out plans for our trip (three weeks from today!) Faith is good; I’m not so sure about religion, personally. Workmen had discovered part of a stake and some bits of charred bone there, in what had once been part of the town ditch. and a visit to Oxford, too! A cross in the road in Oxford’s Broad St marks the site of the execution. For one thing, they wanted everyone to experience the word of God by reading (or hearing) the Bible in their own language; Catholics felt this would cause people to question the Church, and authority. In the 16th century, the area where they died was a ditch outside the city’s north gate and Balliol College; nowadays, it is a bustling part of central Oxford, with shops and cafés on one side and Balliol College still there on the other. But sometimes I wonder. There was no persecution for a spiritual faith and neither Catholic nor Protestant church doctrine encourages criminal activities, treason and sedition. See Acts 6:3, 8:3. Happily, these days of intolerance have largely gone form our nation. Well, they were guilty by the standards applied; fortunately, most of us have moved on! Some of this I was familiar with. Well, I guess that would make it eight. Heresy means holding an “opinion contrary to the orthodox doctrine” (Oxford Dictionary) – in this context, the doctrine of the Christian church. In 15th century England capital punishment was so common that Parliament placed an 'Act for the Burning of Heretics' on the statute book. The three were tried at University Church of St Mary the Virgin, the official church of the University of Oxford on the High Street. Hi Mike – this will make me look around a bit more … now I’m blogging things that I take for granted from my times in and around Oxford need to be investigated more – I must go back as a blogger and look more deeply. We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.”  He is reported to have died soon. A damaged pillar in the nave is reputedly where former Archbishop Cranmer stood on his last day on earth, on a specially constructed platform. The Oxford Martyrs were killed on October 16th, 1555. The distinction can depend upon one's viewpoint. Thanks for that. Of course, not everyone in the world, or even in my own country, shares that view and some might see it as unduly idealistic. We still have a long road to travel, don’t we? Part of the price of that tolerance must surely be that no religion, or faith, is above or beyond criticism – including being subject to satire and humour. Thank you for educating us. Latimer, Ridley and Cranmer died because they were Protestants – three of the 280 people executed by fire for heresy during the during the short 5-year reign of Mary I (1553-58), when England officially, and briefly, returned to Roman Catholicism. Western weddings in Japan: Real? Over the coming months, he formally recanted his Protestantism, signing a document to that effect. D. M. Loades, The Oxford Martyrs (London, 1970), 219‑20. Indeed, the new queen had a particular dislike for Cranmer for his humiliation of her mother. It is on the north side of the road, but do watch for cyclists crossing this area if you step forward to have a closer look. You can get leaflets with suggested walks from the Tourist Information office on Broad Street or at the railway station. Orthodox religious doctrine in Tudor England was determined by the monarch, whom every subject was obliged to obey – not purely out of fear but, also, because to not do so would be a sin. The men were burnt at the stake just outside the city walls to the north, where Broad Street is now located. Really fascinating history. In Manchester and in Oxford, both the executed and executioners were nominally Christian. I’d like to think we have moved on even further, in the 21st century, to a point where religious tolerance should be etched into our sub-conscious. 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