* In case of alkyl and aryl fluorides as well as aryl chlorides, tetrahydrofuran is used as solvent instead of ether. It fails with tertiary alkyl halides. In second step, second sodium atom release one more electron to the free radical and provide a carbonium ion. It fails with tertiary alkyl halides. They are not easily separable as they have very low difference in their boiling points and needs a close watch to be distinguished quickly. If the reaction is between R-X and R'-X, it gives R-R and R'-R'- it will be difficult to separate the two products. As an example, we can obtain ethane by reacting methyl bromide with sodium in the presence of anhydrous ether or tetrahydrofuran. The minimum number of carbon atoms for the reaction should be two which does not apply in the case of methane. * In Wurtz reaction, two alkyl halide molecules are coupled in presence of sodium metal in anhydrous ether or The mechanism also used for the production of ethane and ethylene. [Note: Metal other than sodium, which can be employed in Wurtz reaction are Ag and Cu in finally divided state], The reaction involves the intermediate formation of free radicals. * Initially an alkyl free radical is formed due to transfer of one electron from sodium atom. is not prepared by using Wurtz reaction because the number of carbon atoms is every time double in production. carbonium ion. E.g. It is not applicable for the synthesis of two dissimilar alkyl halides as the product of these could be a combination of alkanes that are not easy to separate. * In the next step, one more electron is transferred from second sodium atom to the free radical to give a Alkyl halide in presence of dry ether medium when treated with sodium metal yields di-alkane. Due to steric repulsion in alkyl groups, 3R-X does not provide a worthy yield of R-R. CH3-CH2-I + 2Na• 🡪CH3-CH2-Na(+) + NaI, CH3-CH2-Na(+) + CH3-CH2-I 🡪C2H5- C2H5 +NaI. The SN2 step requires more activation energy due to steric hindrance. It is usually difficult to separate the mixture and hence wurtz reaction not a suitable method to synthesize unsymmetrical alkanes. The Wurtz reaction between R-X and R'-X yields not only R-R' but also R-R and R'-R'. Tetrahydrofuran to form a new carbon carbon bond and thus by giving a symmetrical alkane. Methane (CH4) is not prepared by using Wurtz reaction because the number of carbon atoms is every time double in production. Here, a large alkane molecule is developed by the joining two compound of alkyl halide and eradicate the halogen atoms in the form of sodium halide. 1) Ethane is formed when methyl chloride is treated with sodium metal in dry ether. R-X + 2 Na + X-R🡪R-R + 2 Na-X (Basic reaction), R = alkyl group X =halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), Dry ether is used to provide anhydrous condition as moisture and sodium metal reacts strongly in the presence of water.Na + H2O —› NaOH + H2This reaction produce NaOH that reacts with alkyl halide to produce alcohol, R-X + OH¯ —› R-OHe.g. A halide ion is displaced by alkyl anion from another molecule of alkyl halide. REACTION: * In Wurtz reaction, two alkyl halide molecules are coupled in presence of sodium metal in anhydrous ether or Tetrahydrofuran to form a new carbon carbon bond and thus by giving a symmetrical alkane. Wurtz coupling is, however, useful in closing small, especially three-membered, rings. * Thus formed alkyl anion displaces halide ion from the second molecule of alkyl halide. In other example, if two different type of alkyl halides are used in the reaction then a combination of three alkanes will be formed. In such a case, if methyl and ethyl iodides are used to react with sodium then mixture of propane, butane and ethane will be formed, although it’s difficult to separate the alkanes from the mixture. Mechanism One: By a formation of free radical as an intermediate. The method is used to prepare symmetrical alkanes, it is not used for asymmetrical alkanes. Alkyl halide in presence of dry ether medium when treated with sodium metal yields di-alkane. Copyright © 2020 Entrancei. The yields can be poor and with alkene contamination. List of Name Reaction of Organic Chemistry consist of detail Reaction Mechanism of all name reactions of Organic Chemistry. That means the lowest alkane developed through Wurtz reaction is ethane. Wurtz-Fittig reaction- A modification in Wurtz reaction is known as Wurtz-Fittig reaction. The classical Wurtz reaction is also of value in the preparation of small cyclic systems such as bicyclo[1.1.0]butane and other cyclopropane derivatives. This mixture cannot be separated easily. Wurtz reaction aids in industrial preparation of alkanes. This reaction is considered as a SN2 reaction. An ethereal solution of an alkyl halide (preferably the bromide or iodide) is treated with sodium, when alkane is obtained. Wurtz Reaction:- When Alkyl halide is treated with sodium, in presence of dry either then alkane of heigher carbon is obtained this is called Wurtz Reaction. This reaction produce NaOH that reacts with alkyl halide to produce alcohol. )

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