documentation “Benzylalkohol” 2006, available in German only). The parameters investigated included the number of survivors, body weights, food consumption, haematology and coagulation, serum chemistry, ophthalmic examinations, organ weights, and gross‐pathological and histopathological changes. No new data for the half‐life of benzyl alcohol were found. Start with the oxidation number of the benzylic carbon atom. As there are no data available for its sensitizing effects on the airways, benzyl alcohol is not designated with “Sa” (for substances which cause sensitization of the airways). All findings were regarded as not substance‐related and the NOAEC (no observed adverse effect concentration) was established at the highest concentration tested of 1072 mg/m3 (The Personal Care Products Council 2010). No cytotoxicity was found after the administration of benzyl alcohol, therefore a falsely negative result cannot be excluded. 19232, 6th July 1990, BIBRA (The British Industrial Biological Research Association), The reaction index: a parameter to assess the quality of patch test preparations, In vivo percutaneous absorption of fragrance ingredients in rhesus monkeys and humans, Sensory irritation as a basis for setting occupational exposure limits, Allergic contact dermatitis due to benzyl alcohol in a hair dye, Mechanisms underlying benzyl alcohol cytotoxicity (triamcinolone acetonide preservative) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, Metabolism and covalent binding of [14C]toluene by human and rat liver microsomal fractions and liver slices, Frequency of positive patch test reactions to preservatives: The Australian experience, Eyelid dermatitis: an evaluation of 232 patch test patients over 5 years, The in vitro acute skin irritation of chemicals: Optimisation of the EPISKIN prediction model within the framework of the ECVAM validation process, Fragrance contact allergy: a 4‐year retrospective study, Benzyl alcohol allergy: importance of patch testing with personal products, Genotoxicity testing of four benzyl derivatives in the Drosophila wing spot test, Assessment of genotoxic effects of benzyl derivatives by the comet assay, Information on registered substances. No maternal toxicity occurred after 100 mg/kg body weight and day. A re‐evaluation using improved assessment criteria indicated the result was falsely positive. Benzyl alcohol has modest water solubility (4 g/100 mL), and alcohol and diethyl ether are miscible. 2012). All available data for the genotoxicity of benzyl alcohol in vitro are summarized in Table 5 (see also Data in humans (BIBRA 1991) and rabbits show that the substance is irritating to the eyes. Study number WIL‐703002, 8. What is the balance equation of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid using potassium permanganate? The highest level of benzyl alcohol (3.59 µg/ml) was found in the high dose group in rats after 14 days. Comparison of four testing methods, Topical application of penetration enhancers to the skin of nude mice: a histopathological study, Benzyl alcohol metabolism and elimination in neonates, A morphologic study of retinal toxicity induced by triamcinolone acetonide vehicles in rabbit eyes, Retinal toxicity of triamcinolone's vehicle (benzyl alcohol): an electrophysiologic and electron microscopic study, Baseline series fragrance markers fail to predict contact allergy, Toxicity of benzyl alcohol in adult and neonatal mice, Responses of the L5178Y tk+/tk– mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay: III. Get your answers by asking now. This result was confirmed in vivo in the bone marrow cells of mice. documentation “Benzylalkohol” 2006, available in German only). Furthermore, from the NOAEC of 1072 mg/m3 in the nose of rats, a long‐term NAEC (1:6) of 179 mg/m3 and from this a NAEC of 60 mg/m3 (13 ml/m3) for sensory irritation (1:3) is obtained according to Brüning et al. Benzyl alcohol is therefore designated with an “H” (for substances which can be absorbed through the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts). Therefore, toxic effects such as gasping, depression of the central nervous system or kidney and liver failure were observed in premature neonates ( 2010). The TK+/‐ mutation test in mouse lymphoma cells with metabolic activation yielded a positive result, however at clearly cytotoxic concentrations, so that the effect can be attributed to the toxicity of benzyl alcohol and not to its mutagenic potential. In one of the females of the high concentration group, a slight increase in eosinophilic and mononuclear infiltrates was found in the lungs, but in no animal of the control group. DNA double strand breaks were found with metabolic activation in primary rat hepatocytes at the high concentration (1084 mg/ml). The microscopic changes in the respiratory tract, especially in the lungs, in the females and with an increased incidence in the males at 1072 mg benzyl alcohol/m3 represent, in the view of the Commission, at least the beginning of an effect, and the concentration of 1072 mg/m3 is therefore considered to be the LOAEC (lowest observed adverse effect concentration).

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