Relatively difficult questions must be relegated towards the end so that even if the respondent decides not to answer such questions, considerable information would have already been obtained. Sometimes, the provision of alternative replies helps to make clear the meaning of the question. Advantages of questionnaires include increased speed of data collection, low or no cost requirements, and higher levels of objectivity compared to many alternative methods of primary data collection. Content Filtrations 6. Pilot survey is infact the replica and rehearsal of the main survey. There should be some control questions in the questionnaire which indicate the reliability of the respondent. The form of the question may be either closed (i.e., of the type ‘yes’ or ‘no’) or open (i.e., inviting free response) but should be stated in advance and not constructed during questioning. There is low cost even when the universe is large and is widely spread geographically. Question sequence: In order to make the questionnaire effective and to ensure quality to the replies received, a researcher should pay attention to the question-sequence in preparing the questionnaire. The questionnaire quite often fails to cover very busy and pre-occupied persons among the respondents, lazy and indifferent type of persons, the type of respondents who need to conceal a lot about themselves, the easy-going and shirkers among the respondents, the persons who have a unreasonable contempt for research and reform and the persons who unnecessarily doubt the research worker’s intentions, sincerity, devotion and commitment. Free from the bias of the interviewer, as the respondents answer the questions in his own words. There is also the possibility of ambiguous replies or omission of replies altogether to certain questions; interpretation of omissions is difficult. The risk of collection of inaccurate and incomplete information is high in the questionnaire, as it might happen that people may not be able to understand the question correctly. Thor “fore in comparison with other methods, the mailed questionnaire is the quickest method. London: Routledge, 2011. Respondents have enough time to think and answer. Los Angeles: SAGE. questions that put too great a strain on the memory or intellect of the respondent; questions related to personal wealth, etc. We’ll go over various methods you can use in the next section of this article. “How many razor blades do you use annually?” The more realistic question would be to ask, “How many razor blades did you use last week?” It can neither be used for illiterate nor for semi-literate persons. In general, questionnaires are delivered to the persons concerned either by post or mail, requesting them to answer the questions and return it. The quality of the paper, along with its colour, must be good so that it may attract the attention of recipients. Data Collection Tools Steps required to design and administer a questionnaire 1. Structured questionnaires are simple to administer and relatively inexpensive to analyse. Questionnaires are a common and inexpensive research tool used by private companies, government departments, individuals, groups, NGOs etc to get feedback, research, collect data from consumer, customers or from general public depending on the need. It is an economical way of accumulating information. If the respondent fails to understand some of the technical terms or he has any doubt, there is nobody to clarify these technical terms or doubts. Results interpretation Sometimes the respondents erase and over write too much. Researcher must pay proper attention to the wordings of questions since reliable and meaningful returns depend on it to a large extent. For instance, instead of asking. These are the people who constitute a very important segment of the respondents to be covered in the collection of data, but they can be seldom caught. Double negatives in questions should be avoided. This method is likely to be the slowest of all. The best data collection method a researcher can employ in gathering quantitative data which takes into consideration data that can be represented in numbers and figures that can be deduced mathematically is the Questionnaire. Thus questionnaires are hardly appropriate for a larger section of this type of population. The information about certain personal, secret matters can be best obtained through questionnaire method. Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. In such situations, unstructured questionnaires may be used effectively. Commonly used methods for collecting quantitative data include telephone and face-to-face. In this method, a questionnaire form is sent usually by post to the persons concerned, with a request to answer the questions and return the questionnaire. Even though the researcher tries in the best possible manner to make the questionnaire a simple, precise and convenient one, the aim and objective of the questionnaire can be much better explained personally than through any other means. Questionnaire provides the most speedy and simple technique of gathering data about groups of individuals scattered in a wide and extended field. It is being adopted by private individuals, research workers, private and public organisations and even by governments. Therefore, it cannot be wrongly interpreted by the researcher. The opening questions should be such as to arouse human interest. How to Convert Your Internship into a Full Time Job? Image Guidelines 5. It helps in focusing the respondent’s attention on all the significant items. The control questions, thus, introduce a cross-check to see whether the information collected is correct or not. For example, information about sexual relationship, marital relationship, secret desires etc. Only mere responsible, research minded or those in favour of the issue may prefer to respond. Respondents have adequate time to give well thought out answers. Restricted questions are easy to tabulate and compile. In practice, one rarely comes across a case when one questionnaire relies on one form of questions alone. This can be done by a single researcher without the large funds otherwise required to hire an interviewing staff to carry out the interview.

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