), Sokolov, Y.А. (Khapra beetle has been introduced into many times into British maltings since about 1908, imported in barley from the hot dry regions extending from India to the shores of the Mediterranean. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). http://www.fao.org/3/a-k3267e.pdf (english); http://www.fao.org/3/a-k3267s.pdf (spanish). nov. (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Trochometri-diidae) associated with an elaterid beetle of the genus Paulusiella (Insecta: Coleoptera) is described from Iran. 23. Import risk analysis: Vehicle & machinery. Irshad M, U Baloch (1985) Losses in wheat during storage and their Continued monitoring will be needed since this has long been a source of infestation from which Trogoderma granarium can spread southward along the trade routes. Mookherjee, P. B., M. G. Jotwani, P. Sircar and T. D. Yadav. 1976. Fumigation of the whole premises is the best remedy, though it is difficult to remove all the malt and leave the premises vacant for two or three weeks. New approaches for tackling the khapra beetle.CAB Reviews 8(12): 1-13. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Eliopoulos%2C+P.+%22New+approaches+for+tackling+the+khapra+beetle%22&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp= (Reviews published research on pest management of khapra beetle.). Two new synonyms (A. altaicus Nikolajev =, The mite species Trochometridium kermanicum Mortazavi & Hajiqanbar sp. (London). Treatment may result in less profit for wholesalers due to Agr Pakistan. Wind currents tended to carry smaller khapra beetle larvae from the walls of shed, some larvae to heights of 12-15 ft above ground. Knight, J., J. Bale, F. Franks, S. Mathias, and J. Baust. Actellic dust at 5 and 10% w/w was more effective than the plant materials as 100% mortality was achieved within 24 h post-treatment with no seed damaged. The χ2 goodness-of-fit statistic for each life stage indicates that the probit model adequately fitted the data (Table 1, P > 0.05) for eggs and diapausing larvae, but not for nondiapausing larvae, pupae, and adults. CAB, Rahman M, W Islam, K Ahmed (2009) Functional response of the, Dales M (1996) A review of plant materials used for controlling insect, Casey TL (1916) Some random studies among the Clavicornia. reported by [1] in the world out of which twelve (Table 1) are Finkelman S, S Navarro, M Rindner, R Dias (2006) Effect of low pressure 1995). Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Zanzibar passed legislation requiring compulsory treatment of grains, flours, edible oil seed, pulses and beans from India, Pakistan, Myranmar and Thailand in 1956 when khapra beetle infested spices were imported into Zanzibar from the Far East. Infestation Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and Central Treaty Organization, London. B. Hill Warehouse Company, Fresno, California and incorrectly identified by pest control company as black carpet beetle. with CO2. The following table sorts locations by their relative importance as sources of khapra beetle infestation in international trade based upon comments from CABI and EPPO. 2007). Meeting of specialists on stored food products. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the khapra beetle, and directions to consider for future research. a CO2-based modified atmosphere may be considered as one of the Crop Protection 79: 8–14. In addition, standardization of analytical methods is required to calculate treatments needed to kill 50% (LT50) and 95% (LT95) of the population (Wilches et al. chiefly caused by attack of insect pests. Between 1971-1984, frequency in percent of khapra beetle interceptions in imports into United States by country was India 44% > Sudan 24% > Pakistan 15% > Iran 5% > Saudi Arabia 2%. 55-59. 1966. Cotton, R. T. 1954. Due to depletion of specific nutrients, quality (Metschinkoff) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) [67], Bacillus 2006). against four major stored grain pests. 1954. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 42: 299. [2], bifenthrin [23,24], fenvelerate [23-25], cypermethrin [23-25] additive effect [52]. Identification of Common Dermestids, pp. Studies on the dermestid beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts – V. Reactions of diapause larvae to temperature. 2011). products. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 9(2): 51-60. and older studies indicated that deltamethrin [21,22], fluvalinate (Pests found in 1921 in grain from foreign sources stored in Germany included the khapra beetle). Journal of Stored Products Research 28(2): 89- J. Pest Sci. cold. 2016). Progressive Farming. Journal of agricultural and Zacher, F. 1935. This deeper state of diapause might have been caused by a higher density of larvae during rearing (Denlinger and Lee 1998, Subramanyam et al. 243: 65-71. by Khapra beetle larvae reduces quality of grain and weight loss. 2006 Analysis of phytosanitary risk of khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium for the territory of the Russian Federation. evaluated as a quarantine treatment against the khapra beetle [54- AHMED H (1984) Losses incurred in stored food grains by insects.  |  Presented at the 10th Annual Conference, North Central Branch, Entomological Society of America, East Lansing, Michigan, March 24-25, 1955. FAO PIant Protection Committee for S.E. Anonymous. [14,15]. 5(2) :104-6. 47(1): 6-12. ), Stored Product Management, vol. 1958b. The khapra beetle, , is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Prot. Appl. Ethanol plant extracts of Datura stramonium caused 100% mortality of larvae at a concentration of 1% after eight days of treatment, followed by the alcohol extract of Solanum nigrum with 97.43% mortality in 1% concentration. It is concluded that climatic factors at the ports may have prevented the establishment and subsequent transport of sufficient numbers to more climatically favourable areas inland. experimental because of certain limitations with their production. (With increasingly wide distribution of Trogoderma granarium as a pest of stored grain and the danger of its establishment in France and French colonies, its synonymy, geographical distribution and control are discussed.). Emery, R.N. The acetonic extract of L. camara demonstrated a higher toxicity effect, with LC50 of 330.6 ppm (after 2-d) and 110 ppm (6-d), compared to 467 ppm (2-d) and 251 ppm (6-d) for R. stricta, and 576 ppm (2-d) and 317 ppm (6-d) for R. chalepensis. review. Abstract:New insecticide treatment options would be beneficial for control programs for Trogoderma granarium Everts, the khapra beetle, in the United States. Journal of Stored Products Research, 13: 183–202. were recorded 3.02, 9.41 and 2.06% in 7 months storage period, Mart., Univ. That is why heat combined with USDA PA-436. Mohammad R (1986) Assessment of Storage losses of wheat grains in Large wholesale grain-handling establishments were included in survey and also feed-mixing plants because they have a wider assortment of ingredients. 2013). A key to Mongolian species of Chilothorax is presented. Lessons learned from phosphine resistance monitoring in Australia. as the most tolerant stored product pest to a high-CO2 atmosphere, Twenty-five countries recognized by US as harboring endemic populations of khapra beetle (in   bold) are from: Stibick, J., 2007. Trogoderma granarium is a species with data in Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) software in the GenBank but this data has not been open to the public (Boykin et al. ), Ma, J., Hu, X.N., Liang F., Wang, X.G. A review of changes in the pattern of infestation in international trade. RAE A 5: 359. Farmnote No. 2010). Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision, Federal State Institution, All-Russian Center of Plant Quarantine, Moscow. Agr Pakistan. Óñòàíîâëåíà ñèíîíèìèÿ äâóõ âèäîâûõ íàçâàíèé (A. altaicus Nikola-jev = A. puntsagdulamae Nikolajev, syn. Austral Entomology 50(1): 1-6. Voelkel, H. 1924. It is able to survive inactively for long periods. A, Irshad M, U Baloch (1985) Losses in wheat during storage and their, Rahman KA, G Sohi, A Sapra (1945) Studies on stored grain pests in the, Prasad H, P Bhatia, G Sethi (1977) Estimation of feeding losses by, Burges H (1959) Studies on the Dermestid Beetle Trogoderma, Lindgren D, L Vincent, H Krohne (1955) The khapra beetle, T, Mohammad R (1986) Assessment of Storage losses of wheat grains in, Khan I (1986) Assessment of wheat grains losses occurring in various,         , Aheer G, M Ulfat, A Ali (1991) Grain protectants performance against,          , Arthur FH (2012) Aerosols and contact insecticides as alternativ, Spratt E, G Dignan, H Banks (1985) The effects of high concentr, Agboola SD (2001) Current status of the controlled atmospher, Burges H (2008) Development of the khapra beetle, T, Fields PG (1992) The control of stored-product insects and mit, Battu G, S Bains, A Atwal (1975) lethal effect of high temper, Ismail A, S Abid, N Mawlood (1988) Effect of high temper, Saxena B, P Sharma, R Thappa, K Tikku (1992) T, Bhavnagary H, K Singh, S Majumder (1988) Silicophosphates as new, Bahr I (1990) Reduction of stored product insects during pneumatic, Abdel Kawy F (1999) Effect of gamma-irradiation on some biological, Ghanem I, M Shamma (2007) Effect of non-ionizing radiation (UV, Cis J, G Nowak, W Kisiel (2006) Antifeedant properties and, Khalif J, I Al Farhani (2008) Effect of some plants pow, Egwurube E, B Magaji, Z Lawal (2010) Laboratory e, Bounechada M, M Fenni, F Benia (2011) Surve, Ali A, F Ahmad, A Biondi, Y Wang, N Desneux (2012) P, Henri (1981) United States–khapra beetle infestations, F, Khaliq MSAA, M Haque (2007) Scope of commercial formulations of.

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