Transport and road construction were developed. On the basis of joint economic interests, construction and operation of local irrigation systems, cities were united under stronger leadership. Handicrafts have been significantly developed. At the top of Assyrian society were large landowners, merchants, officials, and priests. Thus, the centralized state economy was gradually liquidated and the maintenance of the state apparatus was transferred to the tax form on horseback. In case of doubts about the position of the borrower, the bank took control of his real estate. ), who established the wage rate and material responsibility for the work not performed. The Society of Babylon was divided into three social classes: Abelumi – full members of the rural and urban community, owners of a certain share of the communal land; Mushkenumi – a layer of peasant and other social groups; Vardumi – slaves who were . Banking in the Novavilonsk kingdom has not yet become a separate profession, but was an application to usury. Although they had already moved from a hunting and gathering society to an agrarian one, their tools, such as hoes, axes, knives and hunting gear, were made largely from stone, passed down from the Neolithic Age. To encourage the development of virgin lands, the lessee was allowed to pay for them in the second year of lease. (d) The development of the new equipment, metallurgy, and construction. In addition to palaces, administrative and residential houses were built, their walls were decorated with mosaics. The New Babylonian kingdom. The transition to the monetary tax in the XX century BC contributed to the activation of the banking business. Consequently, irrigation agriculture was the basis for the economic development of the then South of Mesopotamia. In order to protect the interests of the landowner, Section 62 of the Hammurabi Laws noted that when productivity decreases through poor land cultivation, the rent does not decrease and is determined by the average yield in the area. The Sumerians ruled the area of southern Mesopotamia known as Sumer from about 5000 to 1750 B.C. A small part of impoverished community members left it and arranged for service rationing. This was later done by King Yeshnun (circa the 20th century B.C. Facts about Mesopotamian agriculture: Agriculture was a vitally important part of Mesopotamian society. Advertisement. The stone plow was typically attached to a shaft made of wood. A large army of fiscals made sure that the population paid taxes properly. This enabled urban communities to build their main canals and thus gain economic and political independence. An important achievement of Babylonians was the creation of a single system of measures and weights, which were later adopted by other ancient peoples of the Middle East, some elements of which were used by some Asian and European peoples up to the XVIII century. the majestic massive temple towers (zikurati) were built. Beginning with only sticks and stones, the early farmers soon found that they could use elements of nature in new ways to create farming tools. It was here that the first statehood emerged. Special officials were responsible for regular and sufficient irrigation of land plots leased by private persons of the state, for timely and qualitative repair of canals and dams. The usurious practice was improved, in the country in the II millennium BC the first banks that belonged to the trading houses Murash and Eribi appeared. Small precious metal balls were glued to the metal surface with a paste made of fish glue, copper hydroxide and water, after which the product was fired. Festival of Sacrifice: The Past and Present of the Islamic Holiday of Eid al-Adha. ), Mesopotamia underwent significant changes in economic development. Your email address will not be published. There was no private land ownership in its purest form, it preserved elements of communal property. The society did not know any striking contrasts in terms of property, since the standard of living of the population was quite high. And in a sense it is. These temporary grants gradually became hereditary property, which was fixed by royal decree. Differentiation of the society intensified. Prosperity . The measure of length was . In the case of half a landowner had to help the tenant with working cattle and seed. It is a beam-ard, a simple machine which scratches a furrow without turning the soil and this changed little in design throughout the whole of Mesopotamian history. In addition to prisoners, there were already debt bondage, the sale and sale of family members, hereditary slavery, enslavement by a court sentence. In the 3rd millennium B.C. The development of trade and usury undermined the Babylonian community from within. Babylonians already made colourful facing tiles, made sound textiles that was famous all over the ancient world. Large farms, particularly temple farms, used hired labour quite extensively. the cities here emerged through synoiqism – the fusion of several rural communities. Slavery is not very patriarchal in nature. The irrigation system was in the hands of the state. Only in the period of the Middle Babylonian day the royal relatives and their entourage were pitied from the state land fund of the field, and without paying the land tax. In Babylon, state, communal and private forms of land ownership coexisted, with a clear predominance of the former.

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