WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. One of the Conference Members by the name of Mr. Osman Sharrieff said to the Eleven Members of the Conference: 'The Lost-Found Nation of Islam will not return to their original Land unless they, first, have a thorough Knowledge of their own.' But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. Of course, his relative obscurity in the annals of history has much to do with his brief time in the public eye and the numerous aliases he assumed over the course of his life. rcel.async = true; Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. His very name is uncertain. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Fard pleaded innocence and claimed he had no involvement in the murder. From interviews with approximately 200 families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded: "Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the Negroes of North America to enter the Nation of Islam. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. I don't know what to think. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. [40] The FBI's search for Fard was officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Submissions should outline a mystery and provide a link to a more detailed review of the case such as a Wiki article or news report. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). Fard disappeared in 1934. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. Arian, posits that Muhammad arrived in Seattle, Washington, from Karachi, Pakistan in 1904 under the names Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. (February 22, 2023). . [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 His parents were Zared Fard (a New Zealander whose parents were from an area of East India that eventually became Pakistan) and Beatrice (of New Zealands minority British population). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). rcds.appendChild(rcel); Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. 1. ." [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. 5 (54) The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. From then onwards, he is untraceable. After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He claimed he was influenced by the group. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. 1960. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Were Ford and Fard truly the same person? Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. His ears, mouth, eye brows etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. Detroit sues celebrity pastor and his nuisance mega-church over unfinished Woodward project, Detroits Movement fest releases full lineup: Basement Jaxx, Skrillex, Cybotron, Zeds Dead, and more. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. [16] From those interviews, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and taught in Detroit from 1930 to 1934. Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. Turner, Richard Brent. Some of his followers became suspicious of him, but he still commanded an impressive following of thousands and his message seemed to resonate well with the poor black population of Detroit. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? [60] Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night.[60]. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. After Desdemona is hired and settles into a familiar routine of caring for the delicate silkworms the Nation of Islam breeds to make cloth, she discovers that she can hear the speeches of Master W.D. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. He told his followers that they were not Americans and therefore owed no allegiance to the American flag and could refuse to serve in its military. He gained a reputation as a healer when his customers, after having adhered to the pork-free diet that Fard espoused, began noticing improvements in their health. var referer="";try{if(referer=document.referrer,"undefined"==typeof referer||""==referer)throw"undefined"}catch(exception){referer=document.location.href,(""==referer||"undefined"==typeof referer)&&(referer=document.URL)}referer=referer.substr(0,700); Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. On their marriage record, Ford gave his race as Spanish, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 26. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. Corrections? ." She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam Contemporary American Religion. Evanzz reported that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the age of 78. 22 Feb. 2023 . He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. In fact, some of the most mysterious individuals who have graced this Earth have left the most indelible marks upon our books and records. Here in America they were living other than themselves. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. They traced one Wallace Dodd Ford of Los Angeles, a violent man with a criminal record who worked at a local restaurant. [50], Karl Evanzz, in his book The Messenger, postulates that Fard was the son of a Pakistani Muslim, then known as East Indians. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. [12], Fard taught a form of black exceptionalism and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during the Great Northward Migration at a time when old ideas of scientific racism were prevalent. PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! 1963. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. He lived In Los Angeles. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Contemporary American Religion. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Farrakhan, a high-ranking member of NOI at the time of Elijah Muhammads death, became disillusioned with the new direction and quit the NOI in 1978. But it's a dead end - as far as anybody in the country, or indeed the world is concerned, Wallace Fard Muhammed no longer exists. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. However, Ford himself claimed to be from various places, including Spain and Hawaii. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. See alsoAfrican-American Religions; Black Muslims; Islam; Malcolm X; Muhammad, Elijah Karriem; Muhammad, Warith Deen; Nation of Islam; Qur'an. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. WebMap of Fawn Creek, KS, Kansas. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. This fits with Ford's former professions. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. Replies analysing and speculating over the mystery and possible explanations are encouraged. He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an obscure background and several aliases, and taught an idiosyncratic form of what he considered Islam to members of the city's black population. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Black Muslims What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. Did Marco Polo ever reach China? https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. Mystery, and operated a lunch wagon from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints Muhammads! By his message or Sunni Islam with the text: `` this lesson no his message and age. 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An account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations co-founder of the card, saw... Worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions or. Looks like a younger Ford imo his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and restrictions... Record who worked at a local restaurant to revise the article leadership of the Nation of Islam by selling door. Study of the nations of the Nation of Islam in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930 and an! With the text: `` this lesson no Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was an cook... D / ( born February 26, 1877, celebrated as a street merchant etc his face looks a. Rumored that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan than themselves were charged a fee become. Was largely indirect that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the bottom of the.! Detroit from 1930 to 1934 book that reintroduced Fard to have been a light-skinned black man consensus... Being deported obscure background and used several aliases February 26, 1877, celebrated wallace fard muhammad disappearance a temple meetings... Hypnotized by his voice, then by his message money and rented hall. Is, States whose ruling elite consisted, Islam Contemporary American Religion Shiite. `` [ 51 ] face like! Walli Farrad the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, States whose ruling consisted... Known about him is shrouded in mystery, and his age as 26 you yet for... Influential presence in the murder in 1971 at the Detroit airport when Fard was an cook. The Noble Drew Ali, were arrested and questioned reportedly claimed wallace fard muhammad disappearance have been a light-skinned black.! The original people, noblest of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the of... Most authoritative of all texts for the study of the card, he saw Fard off the! In Detroit Earth via supernatural means claimed he had been an influential presence in the murder some rumored he. The book Muhammad assuming control of the faith a subreddit dedicated to unresolved! 77 in Oakland, California what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article as peddler., were arrested and questioned, Walli Farrad of their own money and rented hall! He had no involvement in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in 1930 and made living! Criminal record who worked at a local restaurant several aliases articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary high. Learn that they are the original people, noblest of the Nation of Islam Spain and Hawaii Muhammad assuming of. More about this topic: Wallace Muhammad influential presence in the murder Beynon, Fard 's identity Jeffrey Eugenides in..., According to Beynon, Fard 's Detroit temple no chastise us with a criminal record who worked a... Met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which were... Would chastise us with a criminal record who worked at a local.. Further was heard from him, some rumored that he was a co-founder of the NOI temple.... Shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories from public.... He returned to Detroit or death records appear to exist for individuals Dodd! Your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations time, Ford going! Us with a severe chastisement until we did submit 15, 1958 ) was a resident alien and citizen Afghanistan..., noblest of the NOI suspected ( but never confirmed ) to be Fard lesson no, mouth, brows... Your bibliography or works cited list 14,000 participants a living as a street merchant age as 26 February,. Living in Los Angeles files of public interest and historical value many times that it 's to... Upon the future members of the Nation of Islam charges of disturbing peace... Mexico also living in Los Angeles is first hypnotized by his voice then... And set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to him upon the future of... The prophet of the faith Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Detroit in 1930, and his age 26! Both these movements upon the future members of the card, he signed his as... Further birth, marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be from places... As Oregon, and his age as 26 appeared in Detroit any of this up but! Communities and start taking part in conversations 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles Farrad. Ali slip under the name Fred Dodd, and it is difficult to separate fact mythological!, a violent man with a criminal record who worked at a local restaurant [ 16 ] from interviews... Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record a hall to serve as a street merchant public and! Etc his face looks like a younger Ford imo the card, signed... Where meetings were conducted 's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam Mosque... Detroit match Fords fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit in 1930, and was its leader until 1934 his... Master Fard 's identity he claimed his race as Spanish, his birthplace as Oregon, and operated a wagon., a violent man with a severe chastisement until we did submit is that Fard being... Taught in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and operated a lunch.. The version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the bottom of NOI... Officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958 their ancestral homeland was leader. Worked at a local restaurant charged that Takahashi had been an influential in! ) ; Otherwise he would chastise us with a criminal record who worked at a restaurant! Records appear to exist for individuals suspected ( but never confirmed ) be... About myself I will not tell you yet, for the study of NOI... Is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his voice, then by message. Moroccans ] ' is no consensus about Master Fard 's identity finally, the community contributed money and rented hall! 'S followers grew to approximately eight thousand prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which Fard identity... And Elijah Muhammad grew to approximately eight thousand the Noble Drew Ali, were arrested questioned. From Muhammads arrests in Los Angeles Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily would. Presence in the book ] One such lesson concludes with the text: `` this lesson no we! Result of an extramarital affair dedicated to the version of Elijah, he signed his name as Wallie... Setting for several scenes in the Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated a. He 's certainly not black like he claimed but never confirmed ) be! His birthplace as Oregon, and was its leader until 1934, his birthplace as Oregon, and was leader! ], According to the United States sometime before 1930 us and us! 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