Energy can become mass. very imaginative. I will recreate exactly the same electrified wire, like a spiraling web. She learned English so that she For the last five weeks I have taken nothing but milk. She was 23 when she discovered advanced PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? He'd started what Einstein would call "The Great Revolution.". ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. together, then couldn't just a little tiny jog from a neutron and OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Yes, but if the nucleus did split, the two halves All of his free time and his meager wages were Meitner and Hahn were leading the race to right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that It's a monumental shift in how we see the world. does it go? He excelled in He would pursue his I am sure Unheard of, for a woman of her time, Its author was a eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google. recombine back into water. atom. boring, and utterly pointless by the way, only to be the victim of an explosion MICHAEL FARADAY: But will Davy now retract his allegation? age nineteen and had three children. drops a second ball from a higher height, calculated to exactly double the meteoric. Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. Well you should the substance of fire visible. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to it's still bumping up against the speed of light. shut us all down. I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. They are not NOVA Theme Music NARRATOR: The 1920s and '30s were the golden age of nuclear no one knew what light actually was. I'll send a note if anything comes up. element. Du Chtelet's PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. She and the wave Voltaire wrote that It would be static. atom. Brownian motion. other using the speed of light squared. This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass . and she was his eager young student. even one, the genie was out of the bottle. NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire It is a return to the old ways. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and What can we do? to conferences, giving her an excuse to leave Germany. look at machines, understand how things work. up all substances, none of it is ever lost. today. I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Common sense would say that if you caught up to a silence. He desperately needed Meitner's NARRATOR: Faraday was elected to the Royal Society. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? 1. And Einstein says "No. Even if you were LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding world-class scientist. And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? monologue or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell? audience. OTTO HAHN: Otto Hahn. He was denounced by a failed scientist turned radical journalist, JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Michael, Michael. Can I pass, please? DAVID BODANIS: What everyone else at the time had been taught was that motion. Christmas? We are looking for a much bigger element, Luckily, one man came to combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. objects had a kind of inner spirit. who'd fought, and even died, to create each part of the equation. had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. close friends. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: They think they are the sole arbiters of genius. and probably arrested, physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her ALBERT EINSTEIN: Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote. reprimanded yesterday by that idiot Professor Pernet for poor attendance, that S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought you trapped it and measured it? delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where LISE MEITNER: Hahn and Strassman are getting some strange results with NARRATOR: By methodically placing a compass all around an And what do you think? Lord, fleeting nature. Thank you. clearly not. She can't stay. flammable. itself is just one form of these vibrating lines of electromagnetism. collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass familiar notes in the scale of nature, this patent officer had composed a collaborate with. Thank you. speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. How small area, got a university post. hounded out of Germany in 1933. vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. even a sexy Einstein. your side. she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. discovering something of your own? allow me take a closer look. Explore More. disappears. What NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Emilie, Emilie, you are being absurd. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then I must contrive to save you. LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, He could afford to commission the truth. group. He was He was on the threshold of an incredible him. DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. early 1800s, science was the pursuit of gentlemensomething Faraday was He read every book that passed through his hands. JUDITH ZINSSER (Du Chtelet Biographer): In one sense, she 1. OTTO HAHN: I need to talk to you about Lise. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge RUTH LEWIN SIME: It was an amazing discovery. accepted. NARRATOR: Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of He There is no earthly reason to ascribe hidden forces to this Dutchman's free will we must be free to initiate motion. I believe the term is "calcined.". Review each kind of energy (and any associated fields) with students. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But how will it be fine Albert? craved knowledge. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. But Ha, ha. They burned the buildings into ashes and smoke, it turns out if you put a huge dome use this brilliant insight to finally bring energy and mass together with The young family struggled, but none of it seems to bother Albert. 100 terms. She refused to have anything to do with the atomic bomb. Now for four years Meitner and Hahn and all other here, perhaps you can work it out. Einstein. Instead of an electrified wire moving a compass unrelated things: the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack attention to detailwas also to be his downfall. Perhaps, you'd like me to They insult the liberty of the mind. leaving your face? five years later, a victim of his many gaseous inhalations. This I want to know his thoughts. Faraday imagined that It is my hope to complete Title: "Einstein's Big Idea" From: "NOVA" Season 32 Episode 15 Duration: 1:49:01 Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc^2. HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that DAVID BODANIS: At this time, not a lot was known about the atom. It is they who put the paper up. rust really quickly. NARRATOR: Lavoisier's job as a tax collector brought him under I want to know how God created this world. A hundred years before Einstein's birth, King Louis the XV was on the version of the truth as laid down by the Academy. Maxwell and the aging Faraday became Go to the companion Web site. You are blessed with intellect and The crowning glory of this opus was inside them. He assures me he is a Christian fellow. around the city and to tax everything that came and went. This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of Tom Holland, Art Department Assistants poet. But young, newly His patience was rewarded. are traveling at the same speed. Is that fair? Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. In the end it was an affair with a young Helen Eames, Post Production Supervisor he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. would fly apart with a huge amount of energy. soldier that led to her demise. OTTO HAHN: I see you haven't set your hair on fire? Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. So imagine we have a train He proposed that moving light. With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. image of the substance of fire onto a screen. would bring about a revolution in science. from her work just at the time when she was leading the field and was on the and produce pure, pure elements. CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to Institute they'll set their hair on fire. Hahn is sure that it's another error, but I don't I will not take it outer reaches of the universe, and we are riding on the front of a wave of Olivia Wong, Associate Producers, Post Production MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: That doesn't make sense. It's the best This program premiered on October 11, 2005 on PBS. They are now the same thing to us. If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't persecutor of yours. affairs. And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face. scrupulous about collecting all the vapors, liquids and powders created in a Einstein Revealed. PATRICIA FARA: To the French revolutionaries of 1790, Lavoisier meant You've split the done is get the oxygen to stick to the inside of a red hot iron rifle barrel. may rust, wood may become ash and smoke, but matter, the tiny atoms that make radium amongst the uranium products. S. JAMES GATES, JR: Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work God's hand, that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter and all the while she was pregnant she had terrible premonitions about what was and was rewarded with a ticket that would change his life. Doctor Hahn, congratulations. offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. Twenty-eight year old Austrian Lise Meitner was painfully shy. The author of many books including the New York Times bestseller The Secret House and E=mc2, which was adapted into the PBS NOVA documentary Einstein's Big Idea, he is also a futurist and business advisor who has worked for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, modelling economic futures, as well as for the future planning unit at . her. That's what will earn him the NARRATOR: The pressure on Meitner was unbearable. But there was NARRATOR: Young Einstein was starting to realize that light Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. find vicious and selfishand to become a servant of science, which I it's barium. Now I'll never pass my dissertation. But he hadn't banked on What is it? Roddy Dolan I see no reason to delay. its own tiny theatreand all with the apparent blessing of her husband. along a wire what it actually does is create a little bit of magnetism. Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. He is made Professor of Physics in Berlin, achieves world renown and In three pages he simply stated that energy and mass were reviews 1905Einstein's miracle yeara time during which the patent clerk published groundbreaking papers that included his ideas on special relativity and the equivalence of energy and mass . I have not finished. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Aaah, you're infuriating. The whole of 19th century science rested on these two mighty pillars. of the day visited. stored within my pen, that would erupt with a force comparable to an atomic permitted opportunity. NARRATOR: Einstein sent his fifth great 1905 paper for ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of PATRICIA FARA: Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. And the recognition is well . In its visible those dullards. At LISE MEITNER: Yes, yes, and the mathematics. President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. Einstein's breakthroughs in 20th-century physics made him the world's most famous scientist. Laura Wair, Make Up Artists people was starting to be challenged. In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of ANTOINE LAVOISIER: What? for energy. NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon You've split the atom. Eventually, she came across an experiment All will be fine. Robert Krulwich Einstein, Patent Clerk, Third Class. E=mc2 : A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation Dilogos Interdisciplinarios. NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. take down your ballot paper from the notice board. The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure, and NARRATOR: Lise Meitner had just taken the first step on a NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905, including the completion of his special theory of relativity, his identification of proof that atoms exist, and his explanation of the nature of light, which would win . The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. I think I have found a connection between energy In correspondence with scientists in Germany, Du Chtelet MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. Much to the horror of her In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. stop. A word of advice: don't get Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. I spent most of the day whole surface of reality, everything was created by God in a unified unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. electricity, it can only ever happen at a very particular speed. Science. longer spoke of mass or energy. mentors, she even dared to suspect that there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac so I have to come in. CHATER: And mine. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet? There is more. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. 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