702. Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi [6] On 2 October 1933, Kretschmer was transferred to the pocket battleship Deutschland as a gunnery officer during a trip to Denmark. [56] Laurentic and Patroclus had been loaded with wooden barrels to increase buoyancy. Admiral Sir George Creasy considered the manoeuvre so dangerous he thought it had been done by mistake. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. [43] Kretschmer hit and sank the cargo ship Jersey City 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres; 81 miles) northwest of Tory Island[44] while damaging three others, including the 10,973GRT Strinda. [57] On 7 December 1940, Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum; the last success of the year. [19] A second patrol (921 September) yielded no success either. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. Yes, OTTO was a great guy. It was not this way with, . [18] Further patrols took U-23 around the British coast. We will cover his accomplishments on another page. Kretschmer was taken to London for interrogation. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). The Emden made stops in Ceylon, the Philippines, China and Japan; then Guam, South Africa, Angola and Spain on the return journey. He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. [51] Kretschmer was awarded the 6th Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 4 November 1940. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. Upon the death of Kptlt. Why? Only five survived. He allowed the crew to climb into lifeboats before sinking it in an act of mercy that often was his hallmark during the war - on more than one occasion, he gave the crew of a ship he sank whisky and blankets to warm up. Kretschmer continued to search for stragglers and found SS Holmlea. Allied courts and Rahmlow sought justice against Kretschmer after the war, but he was never vigorously pursued for trial for his role in the death of Berndt. The attack was conducted with no warning, and consequently all 15 crewmen died. [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. [58], Several of Kretschmer's senior officers left the boat before the final patrol. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. [6] Kretschmer was present for gunnery exercises in the North and Baltic Sea. Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER knew OTTO KRETSCHMER better than any other researcher and the two men were good friends. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. After the completion of his submariner training he was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (senior-sub lieutenant/Lieutenant Junior Grade)[12] on 1 June 1936. I obey the rules. Under water U-99 had no chance of catching her. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. OTTOs New Boat, the Type VII-B boat U-99. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. It was on his third patrol that he sank his first ship, the Glen Farg, a small freighter was carrying pulp and Ferrochrome. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . When U-23 was stabilized at her depth and the sound man could no longer hear any noises of the other boat, they came to periscope depth, confirmed that all was safe, and KRETSCHMER was ready to begin the hopeless task of looking for Schnees body. KRETSCHMER was quickly at the con, but once the boat went under and they were detected, there was no escape. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. Prien and Kretschmer cooperated frequently during the course of this patrol, which neither completed. A fall caused fatal injuries. Otto Kretschmer (Straubing, 1912. mjus 1. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. He wants to be a naval officer. 3099067 Kretschmer's thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are not known. Husband of Elsie Gertrude Kretschmer. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. Almost every U-Boat had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather. Note that OTTO KRETSCHMER (arrow) is wearing the regulation navy blue cap, not the traditional nut non-regulation White Cap. Unfortunately, his mother died from tetanus after a medical incident, so he returned home to be with his family. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. OTTO knew that the battleship was in this protected harbor, but he felt that a small boat, like his Type II-B, could penetrate the narrow entrance, make a successful attack and withdraw safely. KLAUS BARGSTEN (328-1987) and his II.W.O. "[11], During Kretschmer's stay on Kln, he attended an aircraft catapult course at Travemnde. He was the best of the best he knew how to penetrate a destroyer screen and because he had lived in England and studied at Cambridge prior to the war, he read the English and French tactical books on anti-submarine warfare in the captured French HQ in Brest he knew what depth settings the Royal Navy used and so he kept his boat at depths they did not set on their charges. He enrolled at Exeter University (then University College of the South West of England) and studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp (b. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. This was not the case with U-99. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. He sank four ships and damaged three. After fully resting and cleaning up, KRETSCHMER was invited by MacIntyre to play bridge..with officers of some of the merchant ships that OTTO had just sunk! On 28 August 1963, he was transferred to the NATO Defense College in Paris. My family is complete.. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. I am grateful to the late Horst Bredow and Peter Monte at the Deutsches U-Boot-Museum for providing access to the unpublished records of U23 and U99. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. Rsing's successor, Hermann Michahelles, was killed in a car accident and Kretschmer assumed command for two weeks. Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. He did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea. HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. 1871), a Germanborn naturalised Briton. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. [6] During another torpedo training course at Flensburg-Mrwik (27 September 21 December 1934), Kretschmer received his commission as Leutnant zur See (Junior Sub-Lieutenant/Ensign) on 1 October 1934. His wife was so devastated that she just gave up and died two years later, almost to the day. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. A young RN ensign was removing the binoculars from around KRETSCHMERs neck when MacIntyre yelled down that those were now his binoculars as a prize of war, so the young ensign brought them to the bridge. He mastered the English language and came to respect British education: its practical focus complemented his scientific and theoreticalbased German background. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. Otto married Elsie, Gertrude Kretschmer. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. The crew were permitted ashore at the resort town of San Sebastin. [9] Kretschmer joined the U-boat service in January 1936. Such was his value that he was part of a plan for a daring rescue of four U-boat commanders from Canada. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. I had to surrender my ship to the British Captain and I had to be in complete uniform.. As they were going below, OTTO slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto one torpedo, one ship, have never been systematically analysed. Keep me logged in. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. German propagandists feared the triple loss might be too damaging to morale. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. During this time, he developed his own theory about submarine warfare. The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. He was given the opportunity to convey his opinions on the state of the U-boat war. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hitler invited Kretschmer to sit in on a lunch meeting with Hitler and Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Union's ambassador to the Third Reich. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. [18], From 1 March to 31 October 1958, Kretschmer served as Admiralstabsoffizier (Astoofficer of the admiralty staff) with the Fleet Command. On 4 October 1939 he sank the coastal ship Glen Farg (876GRT). The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. 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McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. [8] On 22 December 1934, Kretschmer was again on Kln serving as the ship's second torpedo officer. Comes with leather case. The short range of the Type II submarine allowed for operations in the North Sea, but no further. [32] Loch Maddy The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British officers than was his First Lieutenant. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. OTTO replied;It was necessary. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. He had to return to port to repair the damage. Schroeder never returned. Otto passed away on month day 1981, at age 85 at death place. [59], On 22 February 1941 U-99 left Lorient for the final time. The booklet was the music and award document, and the flowers were handed to him by Fraulein von Ribbentrop. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: One Torpedo, One Ship: An appraisal of Otto Kretschmers U-boat tactics, 19391941, /doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2021.1898209?needAccess=true. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. OTTO KRETSCHMER made only seven Feindfahrt in World War Two but his daily average tonnage was equal to that of de la Perrier. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. He continued to serve as Watch Officer of U-35 until 30 September 1937. "[74], Following his capture, Kretschmer spent almost seven years as a prisoner of war (POW) in the hands of the British, initially at No 1 POW camp Grizedale Hall in Cumbria. HMS WALKER had drifted several hundred yards from the spot U-99 had disappeared and, still wearing his full set of leathers AND sea boots (filled with water), OTTO made the difficult swim to HMS WALKER only to grab onto the scramble nets as the destroyer was beginning to pick up speed they didnt know he was on the nets! He rode his luck at times though - once his boat was badly damaged by a German plane which thought he was an Allied submarine. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. [5] He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (1 April 1930 30 June 1930). The 28-ship convoy was poorly defended by a destroyer and a corvette. The ship did not reach port. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. [20] Kretschmer departed from Kiel for the third war patrol on 1 October. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. Two days later on 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. A British intelligence report on him said: "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. He fired a single torpedo that missed before he lost the ship in thick mist. Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer, November 1940 (March 12, 2021) This week, 80 years ago, U-99, skippered by Otto Kretschmer, one of Germany's most famous U-boat commanders, had just fired the last of her torpedoes, when she was spotted by British destroyers southeast of Iceland in the North Atlantic. His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea. Instead, OKM sent him an administrative officer, H. J. von KNEBEL-DOBERITZ (681-1988) as his new I.W.O. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. [79], In 1943, the German navy tried to rescue him in Operation Kiebitz but that daring plan (later dramatized in the novel The Bowmanville Break and the film, The McKenzie Break) failed. [72], Once in London, Royal Navy interrogators questioned the crew. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. [46] Kretschmer's logbook recorded the chaos. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. COOPER said that this was one of the warmest compliments he had ever received. One hugely successful patrol saw him sink the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring with a solitary torpedo, before speeding off into the night undetected. Otto Kretschmer - nicknamed 'Silent Otto' by his enemies - sank hundreds of thousands of tons of Allied shipping during a brutal U-boat campaign, Sign up for our Exeter newsletter and you'll never miss a big story again. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Haunted by him, Kretschmer ordered the boat to backtrack until the survivor was found. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Final patrol soon after the accident that took his life once in London, Royal navy interrogators the... Top right mother died from tetanus after a medical incident, so he returned home be. Under and they were detected, there was no escape Among the victims was the highest U-boat... 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