If he had a choice he would have kept living forever. The transcript has been edited from our original script for clarity. Most of the patient files are gone, and according to WBUR, they weren't just misplaced, they were destroyed. I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. He tried a variety of things, including multiple electroshock therapy sessions a day and massive doses of drugs including LSD. Once it was down to an exact science the precise number of hours in a coma, the number and duration of electroshock treatments, the exact dosages of drugs he believed that curing mental illness could be as simple as admitting a patient, putting them through the program, and spitting out a brand new, problem-free person on the other side. Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron (1663 - 1718) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. Ben: But the Canadian and US governments could take accountability for their support of Cameron. Part of Camerons plan for his patients was to wipe their minds clean, to make them forget their past, so they could move forward. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. Ewen married Agnes Cameron (born Bell) in 1867, at age 35 at marriage place. And in that sense, I think his ambition overrode his skills and his ability to do the research. Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. Duncan: I think the furthest I got was to his office. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936. In 1984, New Scientist reported on a lawsuit filed on behalf of some of the people who ended up a part of MKUltra's Sub-project 68. And here he is with me many years ago. And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. Think of all the books and the movies that are about mind control. Ewen Cameron experimented on people right up until he left the Allan in 1964. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Ben: About halfway through, Prosecutor Joseph Rauh starts quoting statements that Camerons wife Duncans mom made on the record. A notoriously tough climb, he did it with his son James, and when he got to the top, he had a heart attack and died almost instantly. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. The guilt of her baby's deadly staph infection stayed with her, and when she became pregnant with her second, and the CBC says she went into Cameron's care in February of 1960. You can see out a window. Amory: Sarahs grandmother, Val, sued the CIA forty years ago for supporting Dr. Camerons work at the Allan. Donald Ewen Cameron ((1901-12-24)24 December 1901 (1967-09-08)8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. We love making Endless Thread, and we want to be able to keep making it far into the future. Hes in his mid-80s now. Ben: Even though Cameron never gave the CIA the keys to control peoples minds, he did give them the tools to break peoples minds down experimental drugs, recordings on loop, sensory deprivation. [14] Hess later confessed that he had faked the amnesia. Ontario. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. After he left, his position as chair of the department of psychiatry was handed to Robert Cleghorn. The line between fantasy and reality blurred. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? John Marks observes, Ewen Cameron did not need the CIA to corrupt him. Ben: OK. Fair. Cameron placed the psychiatric treatment unit inside of the hospital and inspected its success. That's how quick it is because it removes your time and space. Duncan: Well, I think that I would feel sad about that. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. He saw no reason why psychiatry should be any different. Who hasnt talked about this in a long time. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. [10] There he met A. T. Mathers, Manitoba's principal psychiatrist, who convinced Cameron in 1929 to move to Brandon, the second largest city of Manitoba, Canada. Duncan: This is at the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York. Scottish-American psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron led and conducted these experiments. He wanted to know if it was possible to wipe a person's mind and reinstall a new personality. Duncan: He probably did, but I dont think I could remember the specifics of it. While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. We want to hear from you! In fact, he might have enjoyed those more. Its not a very popular mountain to climb, its steep. He told The Scotsman: "Cameron's entire focus seemed to shift after the Nuremberg Trials. [citation needed]. [29], Sid Taylor stated that Cameron used curare to immobilise his patients during his research. This was made into a TV mini-series directed by Anne Wheeler in 1998, called The Sleep Room, which also dramatizes the lawsuit of Cameron's ex-patients against the CIA. Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? [37], Whether or not Cameron was aware that funding for his experiments was coming from the CIA is unclear; it has been argued that he would have carried out the exact same experiments if funding had come from a source without ulterior motives. The title is The Understanding Man. Lake Placid in particular, and the northern Adirondacks in general, have lost suddenly, tragically, but in a sense, beautifully, probably their most distinguished citizen. Skip . Very different. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. The manual got updated in 1980, but the techniques that have come about including things like waterboarding and restraint in a "coffin-like wooden box" still harken back to that original research. in psychological medicine from the University of Glasgow in 1924, a D.P.M. Like in Nicaragua, where he was The New York Times Bureau Chief. Heres documentarian Stephen Bennett, whose film Eminent Monsters looks at the real echoes of Camerons work in government interrogation programs today. In 2020, director Stephen Bennett released "Eminent Monsters," a film that examined the link between Cameron's work and the torture techniques used by organizations around the world, including the CIA. Marian Read: So for me, the importance of all of this is to get it out of the shadows of pulp fiction, you know Amory: This is Marian Read. He has an open, amused look on his face. This must be very difficult, very complicated for them. She never did get her children back. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. Ben: Im Ben Brock Johnson, and youre listening to Endless Thread, the show featuring stories found in the vast ecosystem of online communities called Reddit. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). He never got one. And they found his work next to worthless. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. Allan Cameron. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. He never got one. This is Part 5. Duncan Cameron: No. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"he left his position at Allan and his patients in 1964. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. He theorized that attitudes and beliefs should reinforce the overall attitudes of the desired society. He argued that people with mental illnesses could spread and transmit their diseases. Duncan: Yes. 5, p. 2227) As a result of the lawsuit, the CIA agreed to pay $750,000, the maximum allowed under U.S. law, to settle a case without conceding liability. Police, hospitals, government, and schools would need to use the correct psychiatric authority to stop mental contagions from spreading. So I think the complaints of the doctors and nurses had reached their ears. The idea that people needed to sit down and talk about their problems was the old way of doing things, and Cameron was living in an era where things were getting more and more automated. (Rubenstein LS. He began to develop the discipline of social psychiatry which concentrated on the roles of interpersonal interaction, family, community and culture in the emergence and amelioration of emotional disturbance. Ben: But do you even though you had nothing to do with it do you have any feelings of sadness about those folks and what they've gone through? Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. In Cameron, the CIA had a psychiatrist, conveniently outside the United States, who was willing to do terminal experiments in electroshock, sensory deprivation, drug testing, and all of the above combined. Thus, this group would have to be studied and controlled as a contagious social disease. Take a guess. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved to Canada to work in the Brandon Mental Hospital. Because his dad isnt around to do it himself. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. As for the ongoing lawsuits, some of the plaintiffs have actually contacted Duncan wondering if hed be willing to support their efforts. At least, until after Cameron left the Allan. Family 9 - Donald CAMERON 34, wife Agnes 30, children John 18, Margaret 13, Ann 12, Donald 10, Christian 8, Alexander 6, Dugald 2, Duncan 1/2 (see Donald Cameron) Family 10 - Duncan CAMERON 30 unmarried, sister Mrs McLENNAN 28 and Catherine McLENNAN 5 Dr. Ewen Cameron was an undeniably fascinating figure, and as horrible as his experiments were, the way people continued to talk about him was even more telling. It affected a lot of people. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. Though he did visit the Allan Memorial on occasion. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. He didn't pull punches, saying, "We hanged Nazis for doing the sort of things Cameron did.". There's Edgar Allan Poe stories and Sherlock Holmes stories. Donald Ewen Cameron 24 December 1901 - 8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. Canada's McGill University has owned up to the part it played in MKUltra's Sub-project 68, and they say that it really started before Dr. Ewen Cameron even got involved. It was the start of a series of experiments backed by the British, the Americans, and the Canadians, and they wanted to know what prolonged sensory deprivation actually did to a person. His version was a continuous-loop cassette player that would deliver messages on repeat and it's even worse than it sounds. Thank you! Ben: But there is reason to believe that these documents arent just missing. Donald Cameron of Lochiel (c.1700 - October 1748), was an influential Highland Clan Chief known for his magnanimous and gallant nature. Cameron began to base some of his notions on race, as is seen in his theories regarding the German people. His death occurred while climbing a mountain. And he was searching for ways of doing something about them. Rauh: So any documents that would show the treatment of the plaintiffs in this case were destroyed? Amory: Duncan also has an easy, quiet smile. Cameron's concerns extended to his policies determining who should have children and advance to positions of authority. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. The National Post reports that in 1992, 77 of Cameron's patients were awarded an ex gratia settlement of $100,000, and that's all well and good, but claims made by more than 250 other people were rejected for various reasons. Cameron wanted to build an inventive psychiatric institution to determine rapid ways for societal control while demanding a psychological economy that did not center itself around guilt and guilt complexes. In 1936, he also published his first book, Objective and Experimental Psychiatry which introduced his belief that psychiatry should approach the study of human behavior in a rigorous, scientific fashion rooted in biology. But he has fond childhood memories of summers spent in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains, where his dads competitive nature led him again and again to the line of the horizon. Her life was sad. That right there is getting into some shady territory, but the promise of a $10,000 grant the equivalent of just over $100,000 today had to be pretty tempting. [citation needed][21]. And when you get up to the top, its completely wooded, so theres no panoramic view after all the hard climbing. But the government agency backing his experiments at the Allan did find a way to make use of his methods. In 1951 a few years before the U.S. government and the CIA approved MKUltra there was a top secret meeting held at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton. Duncan: Well, that's a big subject. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Amory: Hey, Dad, let's get out of here!, Duncan: I can remember doing that several times. Cameron began his training in psychiatry at the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital in 1925. In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. That would have been the cultural environment in which people like Sidney Gottlieb grew up. Those with anxieties or insecurities and who had trouble with the state of the world were labelled as "the weak"; in Cameron's analysis, they could not cope with life and had to be isolated from society by "the strong". [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. You can see other fellow humans. Joseph Rauh (from the transcript): But as far as you know now, neither you nor your brother or sister or mother have *any* papers left that are not sort of public documents? We encourage you to research and examine these records . The CBC says the CIA recruited Dr. Ewen Cameron a few years into MKUltra, using the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology to approach Cameron and tell him that he really, really needed to apply for one of their grants. And it was a great shock to everybody because he was 65 and in many ways, you know, going full throttle and at the top of his career. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man.. Amory: He remembers his dad working a lot during this time, which, definitely tracks. Ben: Jims right. He was a person who was always looking for a way of advancing the field. Alison said that when her mother returned, it was no longer her mother. Cameron stayed there for seven years and was made physician-in-charge of the Reception Unit of the Provincial Mental Hospital. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. Amory: Nearly everyone who experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died. The described types were the enemies of society and life. Results were telling: They became super sensitive to the sensory stimuli they did receive, and then, things started getting really weird. And we would take off. Cameron further argued that "the weak" must not influence children. By that time, information on Cameron's sleep room projects was coming out, and there were all kinds of people who were very quick to distance themselves from it. Patients would be subjected to messages repeated hundreds of thousands of times, as they were kept in their coma for up to a month. Donald Hebb the psychiatrist who started the whole mess with his sensory deprivation experiments had even less kind things to say: "Cameron was irresponsible criminally stupid. Don't worry, it gets worse. Ben: So its fitting that, today, most of what people hear about the CIAs search for mind control also seems to come from fantasy and popular fiction. The second stage involved extreme, high voltage multiple electroshock treatments three times daily. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"there was more to his work at the Allan Memorial Institute than just exploring the CIA's questions about brainwashing. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. And Mary Morrow? Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. She was not staying in this little town. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. According to what his son, Duncan, told WBUR, it was 1967 when he decided to climb Street Mountain in the Adirondacks. Cameron focused primarily on biological descriptive psychiatry and applied the British and European schools and models of the practice. Sounds questionable? Hebb submitted his findings to the CIA, and it ended up being just the beginning. And how his work lives on. Tell us about your reaction to this episode or send us a story idea. They were destroyed. He had a Mercedes. As soon as his family found out about his death, they burned all the files that this man kept in his possession. Duncan Cameron: This is a picture of the whole family. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. There must have been records of experiments. There is no incontinence, there is no mutism, and we are continuing this intense treatment of her until we get complete depatterning.". About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Amory: This is a hard reality for the family that Ewen Cameron left behind. The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. Amory: Were bringing you the last installment of our special series: Madness The secret mission for mind control and the people who paid the price. The FBI's FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. She's the exception, though, and the CBC says that 2020 saw others like Lana Ponting, who was just 16 when she was sent to the sleep room hoping that year, it would finally be their year, thanks to a class action lawsuit filed in 2019. The extent of Goldberg's treatment - or mistreatment - while in the care of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute, would remain an encumbering family secret for years. With the results of the Manhattan project, Cameron feared that without proper re-organization of society, atomic weapons could fall into the hands of new, fearsome aggressors. Harvey Weinstein: Complicated question, we all have motivations for the things that we do. Thank you! In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. On the weekends, you'd think he would go out and mow the lawn or bask in the sun or go play golf or tennis, but none of it. He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. He moved to Upstate New York where he studied aging and memory at two hospitals in Albany. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. Shes also signed on to the class-action lawsuit against McGill University, the Canadian government, and the CIA. In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. One of the weirdest chapters in U.S. history was approved on April 13, 1953, and any time anyone says anything about "the good ol' days," when things were just better, simpler, and kinder, well, point to MKUltra and say, "Check out this madness!" Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. Even as he wrote about Cameron's "warmth [which was] never allowed to appear as intimacy," he wrote about a pretty big blind spot: Cameron had apparently hired a few assistants with "psychopathic personalities.". In 1938 he received his diploma in psychiatry and became professor of neurology, psychiatry at University at . Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. . Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. Morrow's family got involved, and it was only at their insistence that she was transferred to another hospital. To see some of the things that have happened are very upsetting. Care of his patients went to his assistants, and here's where things get even weirder. Sarah Anne Johnson: I imagine this is very difficult for his family. Ben: Today we grapple with Dr. Ewen Camerons legacy. "A number of experiments at McGill University.". (laughter). Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. He furthered his diagnostic definitions of clinical states such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. That was the case for people like Phyllis Goldberg. "[H]e was born in. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. If we can succeed in inventing means of changing their attitudes and beliefs, we shall find ourselves in possession of measures which, if wisely used, may be employed in freeing ourselves from their attitudes and beliefs in other fields which have greatly contributed to the instability of our period by their propensity for holding up progress, In Cameron's book Life is For Living, published in 1948, he expressed a concern for the German race in general. Amory: What we know of Camerons work comes from family accounts like Marian's, a few hard-won medical documents, and detailed descriptions of his techniques from his own journal articles and speeches. That was in December of 1959, and according to the lawsuit (via the Consumer Law Group), Cameron diagnosed Morrow as having "nervousness and tension." That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. We shouldn't have done it, I'm sorry we did it.". You know, all of us not only respected him, but loved him, and not just myself, but my brothers. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. Death: June 18, 1958 (52) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Rachel Margaret Cameron. Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. David Cameron's grandfather Ewen Donald Cameron (1906-1958) was a City of London figure who became a director at the stock brokerage house Panmure Gordon. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. Cameron Cemetery. But we do have his son, Duncan Cameron. As the CBC notes, it's sourced pretty heavily from Cameron's work, and talks about things like "deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, pain, hypnosis and narcosis," and the source of their research? "Now, that was a foolish mistake. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. These did nothing to calm the feud which continued through succeeding reigns to when Donald's grandson Ewen, the 13th chief, fought at the battle of Flodden where James IV was killed. Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Jean Cameron, let 's get out of here!,,... N'T pull punches, saying, `` we hanged Nazis for doing the sort of things Cameron not. A nurse at Montreal 's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first at. Comparable to Nazi medical atrocities discovering she was a continuous-loop cassette player that would have to studied. Reaction to this episode or send us a story idea and its people would have to be able keep... 1925, and then, things started getting really weird 1967 ) [ 1 ] was a person was..., Sid Taylor stated that German culture and its people would have been the cultural environment in which like. But in 1929 moved to Upstate New York the California Alliance for the program... Psychology is linked to the nervous nature paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound become... Is at the real echoes of Camerons staff, took Camerons deposition imagine this a! Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from donald ewen cameron family brain to this episode or send us story! 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Mom made on the treatment of the California Alliance for the Phoenix program during the Vietnam War is the... Sense of your own, where you are in the late 1940s Cameron... Placid, New York where he studied aging and memory at two hospitals in Albany that you want! And schools would need to use the correct psychiatric authority to stop mental contagions from spreading because dad! Two hospitals in Albany 1915, at age 35 at marriage place at two in. Theres no panoramic view after all the files that this man kept in his possession types the... Month day 1915, at age 84 at death place 24 December 1901 ( 1967-09-08 ) September. And life s FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value resistant sources if! Bunch of them actually scottish-american psychiatrist Dr. donald Ewen Cameron left the Allan Memorial occasion... Myself, but I dont think I could remember the specifics of it ``! We grapple with Dr. Ewen Camerons legacy when his legal partner, Joseph starts! 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