Traversing is the type of surveying connecting a number of survey lines that form a framework. Share it with your friends! The plane table is one of the oldest surveying instruments. The precision usually specified for traversing requires the use of steel tape and the theodolite. 4. To mark the position of various details that can have effects on the forthcoming project. Avoid the sight line to close with earth surface. In order to measure the length of the sides of the traverse, two ways taping namely forward taping and backward taping is done. The following are the principal methods: Brief descriptions of these traverse surveying methods are given below. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20, M25, M30 Concrete with ... How Climbing Formwork Makes Concrete Construction Easy? Traverse definition, to pass or move over, along, or through. What are the Methods of Interpolation of Contours. Plan table traversing (by fast needle). The correction formula of the Bowditch’s rule is as follows: Correction of Latitude or Departure = (Total error in Latitude or Departure* Length of the leg)/ Perimeter of the traverse. Compass and chain traversing, the magnetic bearings of the lines of the survey are t the length of lines is measured either with tape or with a chain and measured by a compass. i.e., the relative location of points in the horizontal plane. The method is unsuitable for actual work and is generally not used if an angle measuring instruments such as a sextant, compass, or theodolite is available. so that they can be stored in numerical terms for the use as reference in the future. A small, light form of a plane table with a trough compass recessed into the board is used for such work. 1.0INTRODUCTIONTO TRAVERSING Traversing is the process of measuring the length and direction (bearing) of the sides of a traverse. No angle measuring instrument is used, and the directions of the lines are fixed entirely by liner measurements. The error of closure is determined at a penultimate station without occupying the last station. A minimum number of stations should be selected. Pegs can then be set out on the ground from the traverse to define the position of design points (road, building, etc.). If the circuit ends elsewhere, it is said to be an open traverse. A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. To position of road, building or other new construction. The transit rule may be employed where angular measurements are more precise that the linear measurements. Traverse definition is - to go or travel across or over. An angle is a difference in directions of two intersecting lines. The discrepancy, as well as the precision for each of the leg of the traverse, should be within the prescribed permissible limits. plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file. 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I am one of top 10% who pass the Fiverr Civil Engineering Exam and Verified. The check-in plotting consists in laying off the lines AP, BP, CP, etc and noting whether the lines pass through one point. Then cut EE’ = E’e, DD’ = D’d, CC = Cc and BB’ = B’b. According to this principle, it is always desirable to carryout survey work from whole to part. The linear measurements are made with tape or chain, and the relative directions of the lines are measured with a compass, theodolite or Chain. Example of open traverse – Railway line traversing, Road line traversing, river traversing etc. To fix the alignments of canals, rivers, roads etc and boundaries when better accuracy is required. Also, read: What Is Bulkage of Sand (Fine Aggregate ), 3. If the angles measured by deflection angles method, angle to the right, traverse they are called deflection angle traverse. The method in which the magnetic bearings of traverse lines are measured by a theodolite fitted with s compass is called traversing by fast needle method. Multiple observations ( Face left /face right), Total station is not perpendicular to the station, Total station is not level during observation. The traverse may be closed, as shown in Figure or open. Describe the deflection angle method in detail ? No angle measurement is used and the directions of the lines are fixed entirely by linear measurements Angles fixed by linear or tie measurements are known as chain angles. Instead of a compass or theodolite, a plane table can be used to conduct a traverse survey. Traverse in Surveying. The theodolite traversing in which deflection angle is measured by the next point. Thus, if Ce = correction to the latitude of any side, CD = correction to the departure of any side. Traverse may be defined as the series of straight lines that connect the survey stations. It is specially used in an urban survey where triangulation is not possible. There are three methods of observing the bearings of lines by fast needle method. Also, read: What is Chain Surveying (Principal, Procedure, Method, Instrument). Orienting is done by backsighting on the previous station before sight is taken to the forward station. It is the process where you access each and every element present in a data structure like an array or a linked list or any data structure for that matter. A traverse is said to be open traverse when the traverse starts at one point and terminates at another point as shown in the figure. The direction of the magnetic meridian is established at each traverse station independently. In Fig(a) the direction of progress is counter-clockwise and so the angles measured clockwise are the interior angle. After the selection of stations, they are marked with pegs. If the exterior angles are measured, their sum should be equal to (2N=4)p/2. The what is process will adopt for inside tunnel traversing where we are unable to do closed travers and if we did open travers there will be big chance to not match in end point . Generally these goes very long distances as shown in fig below the open traverse start with point A to B, C, D, E and so on…. A traverse, in general, is run to locate the features already existing in the area to be surveyed or to establish points or lines by predetermined measurements.

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